diff client/gui-gtk/menu.c client/gui-gtk/menu.c
--- client/gui-gtk/menu.c	Fri Apr 28 15:40:03 2000
+++ client/gui-gtk/menu.c	Fri Apr 28 15:40:42 2000
@@ -956,7 +956,7 @@
 		   (get_tile_type(tinfo->irrigation_result))->terrain_name);
 	}
       else if ((map_get_tile(punit->x,punit->y)->special&S_IRRIGATION) &&
-	       player_knows_techs_with_flag(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
+	       player_knows_infrastructure_tech(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
 	{
 	  sz_strlcpy (irrtext, _("Build Farmland"));
 	}
diff client/gui-mui/gui_main.c client/gui-mui/gui_main.c
--- client/gui-mui/gui_main.c	Fri Apr 28 15:41:58 2000
+++ client/gui-mui/gui_main.c	Fri Apr 28 15:42:08 2000
@@ -1205,7 +1205,7 @@
 	sprintf(irrtext, chgfmt, (get_tile_type(tinfo->irrigation_result))->terrain_name);
       }
       else if ((map_get_tile(punit->x, punit->y)->special & S_IRRIGATION) &&
-	       player_knows_techs_with_flag(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
+	       player_knows_infrastructure_tech(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
       {
 	strcpy(irrtext, "Build Farmland");
       }
diff client/gui-mui/mapclass.c client/gui-mui/mapclass.c
--- client/gui-mui/mapclass.c	Fri Apr 28 15:41:40 2000
+++ client/gui-mui/mapclass.c	Fri Apr 28 15:42:19 2000
@@ -1876,7 +1876,7 @@
 		{
 		  static char irrtext[64];
 		  if ((map_get_tile(punit->x, punit->y)->special & S_IRRIGATION) &&
-		      player_knows_techs_with_flag(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
+		      player_knows_infrastructure_tech(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
 		  {
 		    strcpy(irrtext, "Build Farmland");
 		  }
diff client/gui-xaw/menu.c client/gui-xaw/menu.c
--- client/gui-xaw/menu.c	Fri Apr 28 15:41:10 2000
+++ client/gui-xaw/menu.c	Fri Apr 28 15:41:03 2000
@@ -351,7 +351,8 @@
 			  (get_tile_type(tinfo->irrigation_result))->terrain_name);
       }
       else if ((map_get_tile(punit->x,punit->y)->special&S_IRRIGATION) &&
-	       player_knows_techs_with_flag(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND)) {
+	       player_knows_infrastructure_tech(game.player_ptr, TF_FARMLAND))
+{
 	menu_entry_rename(MENU_ORDER, MENU_ORDER_IRRIGATE,
 			  TEXT_ORDER_IRRIGATE_FARMLAND, NULL);
       } else {
diff common/city.c common/city.c
--- common/city.c	Fri Apr 28 15:35:21 2000
+++ common/city.c	Fri Apr 28 15:37:07 2000
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@
     f += type->irrigation_food_incr;
     if (((spec_t & S_FARMLAND) ||
 	 (city_auto_water &&
-	  player_knows_techs_with_flag(city_owner(pcity), TF_FARMLAND))) &&
+	  player_knows_infrastructure_tech(city_owner(pcity), TF_FARMLAND))) &&
 	city_got_building(pcity, B_SUPERMARKET)) {
       f += (f * terrain_control.farmland_supermarket_food_bonus) / 100;
     }
diff common/player.c common/player.c
--- common/player.c	Fri Apr 28 15:35:36 2000
+++ common/player.c	Fri Apr 28 15:36:51 2000
@@ -269,6 +269,14 @@
   return count;
 }
 
+
+int player_knows_infrastructure_tech(struct player *pplayer, int flag)
+{
+  if(tech_flag(A_NONE,flag))
+    return 1;
+  return player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer,flag);
+}
+
 /**************************************************************************
 The following limits a player's rates to those that are acceptable for the
 present form of government.  If a rate exceeds maxrate for this government,
diff common/player.h common/player.h
--- common/player.h	Fri Apr 28 15:35:45 2000
+++ common/player.h	Fri Apr 28 15:36:55 2000
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@
 int player_knows_improvement_tech(struct player *pplayer,
 				   Impr_Type_id id);
 int player_knows_techs_with_flag(struct player *pplayer, int flag);
+int player_knows_infrastructure_tech( struct player *pplayer, int flag );
 
 void player_limit_to_government_rates(struct player *pplayer);
 
diff common/tech.c common/tech.c
--- common/tech.c	Fri Apr 28 15:35:55 2000
+++ common/tech.c	Fri Apr 28 15:36:29 2000
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@
 
 static char *flag_names[] = {
   "Bonus_Tech","Boat_Fast","Bridge","Railroad","Fortress",
-  "Population_Pollution_Inc","Trade_Revenue_Reduce","Airbase","Farmland"
+  "Population_Pollution_Inc","Trade_Revenue_Reduce","Airbase","Farmland",
+  "Road","Mine","Irrigation"
 };
 
 
diff common/tech.h common/tech.h
--- common/tech.h	Fri Apr 28 15:36:02 2000
+++ common/tech.h	Fri Apr 28 15:36:34 2000
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@
                               reduces the initial revenue by cumulative factors of 2/3 */
   TF_AIRBASE,   /* "Airbase" unit types can build Airbases */
   TF_FARMLAND,  /* "Settler" unit types can build farmland */
+  TF_ROAD,	/* "Settler" unit types can build roads */
+  TF_MINE,	/* "Settler" unit types can build mines */
+  TF_IRRIGATION, /* "Settler" unit types can irrigate */
   TF_LAST
 };
 
diff common/unit.c common/unit.c
--- common/unit.c	Fri Apr 28 15:36:10 2000
+++ common/unit.c	Fri Apr 28 15:36:20 2000
@@ -821,9 +821,9 @@
   if (activity == ACTIVITY_ROAD 
       || activity == ACTIVITY_IRRIGATE 
       || (activity == ACTIVITY_RAILROAD
-	  && player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD))
+	  && player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD))
       || (activity == ACTIVITY_FORTRESS 
-	  && player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_FORTRESS)))
+	  && player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_FORTRESS)))
   return 1;
 
   return 0;
@@ -952,8 +952,9 @@
     return terrain_control.may_road &&
            unit_flag(punit->type, F_SETTLERS) &&
            !(ptile->special&S_ROAD) && type->road_time &&
+           player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_ROAD) &&
 	   ((ptile->terrain!=T_RIVER && !(ptile->special&S_RIVER)) || 
-	    player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_BRIDGE));
+	    player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_BRIDGE));
 
   case ACTIVITY_MINE:
     /* Don't allow it if someone else is irrigating this tile.
@@ -961,7 +962,8 @@
     if (terrain_control.may_mine &&
 	unit_flag(punit->type, F_SETTLERS) &&
 	( (ptile->terrain==type->mining_result && 
-	   !(ptile->special&S_MINE)) ||
+	   !(ptile->special&S_MINE) &&
+	   player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_MINE)) ||
 	  (ptile->terrain!=type->mining_result &&
 	   type->mining_result!=T_LAST &&
 	   (ptile->terrain!=T_OCEAN ||
@@ -982,9 +984,10 @@
 	unit_flag(punit->type, F_SETTLERS) &&
 	(!(ptile->special&S_IRRIGATION) ||
 	 (!(ptile->special&S_FARMLAND) &&
-	  player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_FARMLAND))) &&
+	  player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_FARMLAND))) &&
 	( (ptile->terrain==type->irrigation_result && 
-	   is_water_adjacent_to_tile(punit->x, punit->y)) ||
+	   is_water_adjacent_to_tile(punit->x, punit->y) &&
+	   player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_IRRIGATION)) ||
 	  (ptile->terrain!=type->irrigation_result &&
 	   type->irrigation_result!=T_LAST &&
 	   (ptile->terrain!=T_OCEAN ||
@@ -1008,12 +1011,12 @@
 
   case ACTIVITY_FORTRESS:
     return unit_flag(punit->type, F_SETTLERS) &&
-           player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_FORTRESS) &&
+           player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_FORTRESS) &&
 	   !(ptile->special&S_FORTRESS) && ptile->terrain!=T_OCEAN;
 
   case ACTIVITY_AIRBASE:
     return unit_flag(punit->type, F_AIRBASE) &&
-           player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_AIRBASE) &&
+           player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_AIRBASE) &&
            !(ptile->special&S_AIRBASE) && ptile->terrain!=T_OCEAN;
 
   case ACTIVITY_SENTRY:
@@ -1026,9 +1029,9 @@
            ((ptile->special&S_ROAD) || (punit->connecting
 	    && (type->road_time &&
 		((ptile->terrain!=T_RIVER && !(ptile->special&S_RIVER))
-		 || player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_BRIDGE)))))
+		 || player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_BRIDGE)))))
            && !(ptile->special&S_RAILROAD) &&
-	   player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD);
+	   player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD);
 
   case ACTIVITY_PILLAGE:
     {
diff data/civ1/techs.ruleset data/civ1/techs.ruleset
--- data/civ1/techs.ruleset	Fri Apr 28 15:33:45 2000
+++ data/civ1/techs.ruleset	Fri Apr 28 15:34:10 2000
@@ -38,8 +38,11 @@
 ; "Railroad" = "Settler" unit types can build rail roads
 ; "Farmland" = "Settler" unit types can build farmland
 ; "Fortress" = "Settler" unit types can build fortress
+; "Road"     = "Settler" unit types can build roads
+; "Mine"     = "Settler" unit types can build mines
+; "Irrigation" = "Settler" unit types can irrigate
 ; "Population_Pollution_Inc" = Increase the pollution factor created by
-;                              popultaion by one
+;                              population by one
 ; "Trade_Revenue_Reduce" = When known by the player establishing a trade
 ;                          route reduces the initial revenue by cumulative
 ;                          factors of 2/3
@@ -573,3 +576,5 @@
 req2     = "None"
 flags    = ""
 
+[t_special]
+start_infras = "Road","Irrigation","Mine"
diff data/civ2/techs.ruleset data/civ2/techs.ruleset
--- data/civ2/techs.ruleset	Fri Apr 28 15:33:51 2000
+++ data/civ2/techs.ruleset	Fri Apr 28 15:34:05 2000
@@ -38,8 +38,11 @@
 ; "Railroad" = "Settler" unit types can build rail roads
 ; "Farmland" = "Settler" unit types can build farmland
 ; "Fortress" = "Settler" unit types can build fortress
+; "Road"     = "Settler" unit types can build roads
+; "Mine"     = "Settler" unit types can build mines
+; "Irrigation" = "Settler" unit types can irrigate
 ; "Population_Pollution_Inc" = Increase the pollution factor created by
-;                              popultaion by one
+;                              population by one
 ; "Trade_Revenue_Reduce" = When known by the player establishing a trade
 ;                          route reduces the initial revenue by cumulative
 ;                          factors of 2/3
@@ -573,3 +576,5 @@
 req2     = "None"
 flags    = ""
 
+[t_special]
+start_infras = "Road","Irrigation","Mine"
diff data/default/techs.ruleset data/default/techs.ruleset
--- data/default/techs.ruleset	Fri Apr 28 15:33:35 2000
+++ data/default/techs.ruleset	Fri Apr 28 15:34:19 2000
@@ -38,8 +38,11 @@
 ; "Railroad" = "Settler" unit types can build rail roads
 ; "Farmland" = "Settler" unit types can build farmland
 ; "Fortress" = "Settler" unit types can build fortress
+; "Road"     = "Settler" unit types can build roads
+; "Mine"     = "Settler" unit types can build mines
+; "Irrigation" = "Settler" unit types can irrigate
 ; "Population_Pollution_Inc" = Increase the pollution factor created by
-;                              popultaion by one
+;                              population by one
 ; "Trade_Revenue_Reduce" = When known by the player establishing a trade
 ;                          route reduces the initial revenue by cumulative
 ;                          factors of 2/3
@@ -573,3 +576,5 @@
 req2     = "None"
 flags    = ""
 
+[t_special]
+start_infras = "Road","Irrigation","Mine"
diff server/citytools.c server/citytools.c
--- server/citytools.c	Fri Apr 28 15:39:06 2000
+++ server/citytools.c	Fri Apr 28 15:37:49 2000
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@
       values[B_GRANARY]=pcity->food_surplus*50;
   }
   if (can_build_improvement(pcity, B_SUPERMARKET) &&
-      player_knows_techs_with_flag(plr, TF_FARMLAND))
+      player_knows_infrastructure_tech(plr, TF_FARMLAND))
     values[B_SUPERMARKET]=pcity->size*55;
 
   if (can_build_improvement(pcity, B_AQUEDUCT)
@@ -1058,8 +1058,8 @@
   send_city_info(0, pnewcity);
   
   if (terrain_control.may_road &&
-      (player_knows_techs_with_flag (pplayer, TF_RAILROAD)) &&
-      (!player_knows_techs_with_flag (cplayer, TF_RAILROAD)) &&
+      (player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD)) &&
+      (!player_knows_infrastructure_tech(cplayer, TF_RAILROAD)) &&
       (!(map_get_special (pnewcity->x, pnewcity->y) & S_RAILROAD))) {
     notify_player (pplayer,
 		   _("Game: The people in %s are stunned by your"
diff server/ruleset.c server/ruleset.c
--- server/ruleset.c	Fri Apr 28 15:38:42 2000
+++ server/ruleset.c	Fri Apr 28 15:38:07 2000
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
 static void send_ruleset_governments(struct player *dest);
 static void send_ruleset_nations(struct player *dest);
 static void send_ruleset_cities(struct player *dest);
+static void set_ruleset_tech_flag( struct advance *a,
+				    char *filename, char **slist, int nval );
 
 /**************************************************************************
   Do initial section_file_load on a ruleset file.
@@ -368,9 +370,10 @@
   struct section_file file;
   char *filename, *datafile_options;
   char **sec;
+  char **slist;
   struct advance *a;
   int num_techs; /* number of techs in the ruleset (means without A_NONE)*/
-  int i;
+  int i, nval;
   
   filename = openload_ruleset_file(&file, ruleset_subdir, "techs");
   datafile_options = check_ruleset_capabilities(&file, "+1.9", filename);
@@ -408,8 +411,6 @@
   a = &advances[A_FIRST];
   
   for( i=0; i<num_techs; i++ ) {
-    char *sval, **slist;
-    int j,ival,nval;
 
     a->req[0] = lookup_tech(&file, sec[i], "req1", 0, filename, a->name);
     a->req[1] = lookup_tech(&file, sec[i], "req2", 0, filename, a->name);
@@ -427,27 +428,15 @@
       a->req[1] = A_NONE;
     }
 
-    a->flags = 0;
-
     slist = secfile_lookup_str_vec(&file, &nval, "%s.flags", sec[i]);
-    for(j=0; j<nval; j++) {
-      sval = slist[j];
-      if(strcmp(sval,"")==0) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      ival = tech_flag_from_str(sval);
-      if (ival==TF_LAST) {
-        freelog(LOG_NORMAL, "for advance_type \"%s\": bad flag name \"%s\" (%s)",
-                a->name, sval, filename);
-      }
-      a->flags |= (1<<ival);
-    }
-    free(slist);
+    set_ruleset_tech_flag( a, filename, slist, nval );
 
     a->helptext = lookup_helptext(&file, sec[i]);
 
     a++;
   }
+  slist = secfile_lookup_str_vec(&file, &nval, "t_special.start_infras" );
+  set_ruleset_tech_flag( &advances[A_NONE], filename, slist, nval );
 
   /* Some more consistency checking: 
      Non-removed techs depending on removed techs is too
@@ -476,6 +465,33 @@
   section_file_check_unused(&file, filename);
   section_file_free(&file);
 }
+
+
+
+static void set_ruleset_tech_flag( struct advance *a,
+				    char *filename, char **slist,
+				    int nval )
+{
+  char *sval;
+  int j, ival;
+
+  a->flags = 0;
+
+  for(j=0; j<nval; j++) {
+    sval = slist[j];
+    if(strcmp(sval,"")==0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    ival = tech_flag_from_str(sval);
+    if (ival==TF_LAST) {
+      freelog(LOG_NORMAL, "for advance_type \"%s\": bad flag name \"%s\" (%s)",
+	      a->name, sval, filename);
+    }
+    a->flags |= (1<<ival);
+  }
+  free(slist);
+}
+
 
 /**************************************************************************
 ...  
diff server/settlers.c server/settlers.c
--- server/settlers.c	Fri Apr 28 15:38:56 2000
+++ server/settlers.c	Fri Apr 28 15:37:59 2000
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
     return(m);
   } else if((ptile->terrain==type->irrigation_result &&
      (ptile->special&S_IRRIGATION) && !(ptile->special&S_FARMLAND) &&
-     player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_FARMLAND) &&
+     player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_FARMLAND) &&
      !(ptile->special&S_MINE) && !(ptile->city) &&
      (is_wet(pplayer,x,y) || is_wet(pplayer,x,y-1) || is_wet(pplayer,x,y+1) ||
      is_wet(pplayer,x-1,y) || is_wet(pplayer,x+1,y)))) {
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@
   ptile = map_get_tile(x, y);
   if (ptile->terrain != T_OCEAN &&
       (((ptile->terrain != T_RIVER) && !(ptile->special&S_RIVER)) ||
-       player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_BRIDGE)) &&
+       player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_BRIDGE)) &&
       !(ptile->special&S_ROAD)) {
     ptile->special|=S_ROAD; /* have to do this to avoid reset_move_costs -- Syela */
     m = city_tile_value(pcity, i, j, 0, 0);
@@ -671,7 +671,7 @@
   x = pcity->x + i - 2; y = pcity->y + j - 2;
   ptile = map_get_tile(x, y);
   if (ptile->terrain != T_OCEAN &&
-      player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD) &&
+      player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD) &&
       !(ptile->special&S_RAILROAD)) {
     spe_sav = ptile->special;
     ptile->special|=(S_ROAD | S_RAILROAD);
diff server/unithand.c server/unithand.c
--- server/unithand.c	Fri Apr 28 15:38:32 2000
+++ server/unithand.c	Fri Apr 28 15:38:22 2000
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
   send_remove_unit(0, req->unit_id);
   if (terrain_control.may_road) {
     map_set_special(punit->x, punit->y, S_ROAD);
-    if (player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD))
+    if (player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD))
       map_set_special(punit->x, punit->y, S_RAILROAD);
   }
   send_tile_info(0, punit->x, punit->y);
@@ -754,7 +754,7 @@
     if (is_ok_city_spot(punit->x, punit->y)) {
       if (terrain_control.may_road) {
 	map_set_special(punit->x, punit->y, S_ROAD);
-	if (player_knows_techs_with_flag(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD))
+	if (player_knows_infrastructure_tech(pplayer, TF_RAILROAD))
 	  map_set_special(punit->x, punit->y, S_RAILROAD);
       }
       send_tile_info(0, punit->x, punit->y);